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Peter Atwater22 November 2023

Peter Atwater on Consumers’ Decision-Making Process

4Frameworks
15Insights

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Frameworks in this episode

Insights & moments

The myth-busts, hot takes, explainers, and tools worth keeping.

Myth Buster· 2

Myth Buster22:15

Consumer Confidence Is Not Just a Measure of the Economy

Atwater argues that severe pessimism can coexist with low unemployment and reasonable economic conditions because confidence measures also capture cultural, religious, political, and gender-related vulnerability. Economists may misread those broader feelings as purely economic dissatisfaction.

  • Current economic conditions do not fully explain reported pessimism.
  • Confidence concerns relative vulnerability, not only income or employment.
  • Social and political threats can depress economic sentiment surveys.
  • Partisan responses have increasingly diverged.

“But confidence is about vulnerability, relative vulnerability, and I think that there are a lot of Americans who feel especially vulnerable.”

Peter Atwater · 22:21

“what a lot of our quote unquote economic confidence indicators are picking up is vulnerability that is far more fundamental to people's lives.”

Peter Atwater · 22:42
#consumer-confidence#vulnerability#politics
Myth Buster45:45

“Unprecedented” Often Means You Do Not Remember the Precedent

The word “unprecedented” surged during COVID and gave executives a convenient explanation for poor preparation or performance. Similar language appeared during the financial crisis, showing that the term often reflects vulnerability and short historical memory more than genuine novelty.

  • COVID responses echoed earlier historical behavior.
  • Executives used the term to excuse lack of preparation.
  • The same vocabulary appeared during the 2008 crisis.
  • Human responses recur even when their surface expression changes.

“Beauty of the word unprecedented is it became shorthand for almost whatever we wanted it to mean.”

Peter Atwater · 46:00

“He says, unprecedented means you're too young to have remembered.”

Peter Atwater · 46:44
#history#language#covid

Hot Take· 1

Hot Take1:12:27

The Followership Economy Wants Permanent Dependence

Atwater argues that media figures, pundits, and politicians benefit when audiences must repeatedly return for interpretation and emotional stimulation. He contrasts this dependence model with leaders who empower people to regain agency, potentially uniting constituencies across conventional party lines.

  • Audience resonance pressures media to follow rather than lead.
  • Attention competition demands escalating sensationalism.
  • Followership business models reward dependence.
  • Empowerment could unite vulnerable groups across left and right.

“One of the things if you think about our culture of followership, the goal is dependence.”

Peter Atwater · 1:12:58

“And what I'm looking for, Barry, are leaders who are talking about empowerment”

Peter Atwater · 1:13:21
#media#leadership#dependence

Explainer· 7

Explainer11:41

Why Socionomics Looks at Mood Before Events

Robert Prechter’s work prompted Atwater to reverse the usual causal story that events determine feelings. He began examining whether mood first shapes preferences and actions, making those choices useful indicators of what a crowd feels.

  • Conventional analysis treats events as causes of emotional change.
  • Socionomics examines mood before the event.
  • Preferences and choices can reveal underlying feeling states.

“Bob's recommendation and the foundation for socionomics is look at the mood before things happen.”

Peter Atwater · 12:08

“of course we act as we feel”

Peter Atwater · 12:20
#socionomics#causality#sentiment
Explainer16:14

What Maybachs, Rolexes, and Cruises Say About Confidence

Atwater and Ritholtz discuss using discretionary purchases as real-time confidence indicators for different economic cohorts. Luxury cars and watches expose elite behavior, while cruise bookings reveal whether the upper middle class is willing to commit money to a planned future experience.

  • Vehicle design and luxury demand can reflect confidence cycles.
  • LVMH, Rolex, Ferrari, and Porsche provide signals about financial elites.
  • Cruise bookings require planning and meaningful financial commitment.
  • Different products can proxy for different economic cohorts.

“I mean I spend a lot of time looking at LVMH because I think there's no better real time indicator for the financial elite.”

Peter Atwater · 17:26

“Because travel requires us to plan, to have again a strong imagination of the future.”

Peter Atwater · 18:21
#luxury#consumer-confidence#travel
Explainer26:03

How Scarcity Turns Another Group’s Gain Into Your Loss

People facing job, health, and mobility scarcity may interpret gains elsewhere as having occurred at their expense. Atwater describes this zero-sum thinking as a predictable feature of low confidence rather than merely an ideological position.

  • Multiple forms of scarcity compound vulnerability.
  • Low confidence narrows perceptions of available opportunity.
  • Another group’s progress can be interpreted as the cause of personal decline.
  • Economic divides often run vertically as well as politically.

“When confidence is low. We acquire what I call zero some thinking where I now attribute my misfortune to your gain.”

Peter Atwater · 26:30
#scarcity#zero-sum#inequality
Explainer28:21

The Pandemic Split Between the Protected and the Exposed

The ability to work from home required a computer, broadband, and suitable space, privileges unavailable to many workers. Those who remained physically exposed served people for whom the pandemic was largely an inconvenience, helping explain later strikes and protests.

  • Remote work depended on technology, connectivity, and physical space.
  • Delivery systems insulated higher-income households.
  • Medical, retail, transport, food, and factory workers remained exposed.
  • Later labor unrest concentrated among people who had felt intensely vulnerable.

“those at the top, the pandemic became an inconvenience. But let's talk about those that were serving those at the top.”

Peter Atwater · 29:19

“where we're seeing work stoppages and strikes and protesters are highly constituted in people who felt intensely vulnerable during the pandemic”

Peter Atwater · 29:48
#pandemic#remote-work#labor
Explainer30:06

Why the Duration of Low Confidence Matters More Than Its Depth

Atwater emphasizes that prolonged vulnerability compounds even when no single problem is decisive. Stacked pressures can leave groups primed for a relatively small triggering event to produce a large social response.

  • People can tolerate deep stress briefly but not indefinitely.
  • Duration compounds the effects of low confidence.
  • Vulnerabilities accumulate across multiple areas of life.
  • A triggering event can release pressure built by unrelated burdens.

“what concerns me, Barry, is not the depth of consumer confidence falling, it's the duration of it.”

Peter Atwater · 30:06

“it's not one thing those at the bottom are struggling with, it's multiple things. One on top of the next, on top of the next,…”

Peter Atwater · 30:36
#vulnerability#social-movements#duration
Explainer1:00:57

Financial Markets Are Social Networks With Money Instead of Likes

Atwater describes market crowds as fast-moving social groups governed largely by popularity, imitation, and System 1 thinking. Rather than over-intellectualizing short-term behavior, investors can observe where the crowd directs excitement, money, and exclusion.

  • Money entering and leaving assets functions like social approval.
  • Market crowds behave more like social groups than detached calculators.
  • Short-term market mood relies heavily on System 1 thinking.
  • Crowd positioning can be easier to judge than one’s own motives.

“financial markets are social networks with money instead of likes. We put money in and take it out.”

Peter Atwater · 1:01:25

“the market is a pretty quick, deciding, homogeneous blob that is of average middle school intelligence.”

Peter Atwater · 1:02:08
#markets#crowds#behavioral-finance
Explainer1:10:19

Low Confidence Makes Familiarity and Truthiness More Appealing

As confidence falls, audiences seek media that resonates with their immediate identity and vulnerability. Fragmented media can supply increasingly tailored narratives, while stressed audiences have less cognitive bandwidth to verify whether familiar claims are true.

  • High-confidence eras can support shared mainstream sources.
  • Low-confidence audiences seek more personally resonant providers.
  • Familiarity and truthiness can outperform factual accuracy.
  • Stress reduces the bandwidth available for fact-checking.

“familiarity and truthiness are much more appealing to us than the truth.”

Peter Atwater · 1:11:16

“if I've got all these other things to focus on, I don't have the cognitive bandwidth that's fair to do the fact checking.”

Peter Atwater · 1:11:38
#media#misinformation#confirmation-bias

Story· 2

Story01:39

How JP Morgan Competed by Outthinking Wall Street

Atwater began his career assembling early asset-backed securities from credit-card and auto loans. Because JP Morgan could not overpower established securities firms, his team competed through superior structuring and lower costs.

  • Banks were only beginning to underwrite asset-backed securities.
  • JP Morgan faced established Wall Street competitors on their territory.
  • Better structuring became a substitute for greater market muscle.

“Because there was no way we could out muscle Marrow, and so we had to We had just had to be better at structuring, finding…”

Peter Atwater · 02:41
#securitization#banking#career
Story03:54

Bank One’s Wealth Business Had Specialists but No General Practitioner

After a difficult merger, Bank One possessed strong trust, private-banking, and investment capabilities but lacked someone responsible for the whole client relationship. Atwater identified point people who could coordinate services and deliver a fuller offering.

  • Acquisition-led growth left important integration work unfinished.
  • Specialist expertise did not guarantee a coherent client experience.
  • A relationship owner enabled cross-selling and holistic service.

“It was like we were running a hospital with no folks who could who could look at the patient holistically.”

Peter Atwater · 04:45

“And so one of the first things I did in that job was to identify who can be the point person so that you can…”

Peter Atwater · 04:52
#banking#wealth-management#integration

Tool· 1

Tool13:01

Google Trends and Word Choice Reveal Public Mood

Atwater prefers qualitative indicators because data must itself be interpreted through human feelings. He studies media stories, social posts, Google searches, and emotionally charged vocabulary to see how crowds imagine the future.

  • Stories about the future mirror current mood.
  • Media and social platforms expose recurring public narratives.
  • Google Trends reveals what attracts crowd attention.
  • Loaded words can signal a meaningful sentiment shift.

“But what I try to do is to look at the stories, and stories are a great indicator of how we feel because our imagination…”

Peter Atwater · 13:19

“I'm a big user of Google trends. It helps me to see what's the crowd interested, what are the stories we tell, and the word…”

Peter Atwater · 13:52
#google-trends#media#sentiment-analysis

Takeaway· 2

Takeaway33:58

Why Pandemic Aid Did Not Restore Confidence

Fiscal support helped vulnerable households survive, but much of it immediately passed through to rent, car payments, food, medicine, and energy. Atwater argues that recipients understood the relief was temporary, so it did not create lasting control or security.

  • Aid covered basic survival expenses.
  • Money flowed through households rather than accumulating with them.
  • Temporary relief created breathing room but not durable confidence.
  • Material support and confidence restoration are not identical.

“It was a necessary oxygen mask.”

Peter Atwater · 33:58

“It went through them. It didn't stay with them. It allowed them to catch their breath.”

Peter Atwater · 34:18
#stimulus#households#confidence
Takeaway1:18:45

In Markets, What You Think Matters Less Than What Others Do

Atwater’s retrospective lesson is that success in finance requires understanding how other participants think and feel. Market price emerges from crowd behavior, so private conviction has value only insofar as it anticipates or withstands what others will do.

  • Prices are produced by other participants’ transactions.
  • Understanding the crowd is essential to market success.
  • Personal opinion alone does not determine outcomes.
  • Sentiment analysis should focus on collective behavior.

“That what I think doesn't matter.”

Peter Atwater · 1:18:45

“To be successful, I need to understand how others think and feel because at the end of the day, my price is a function of…”

Peter Atwater · 1:18:51
#investing#market-price#crowd-behavior